# Wheres | Table of Contents | | | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [where](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#where) | [andWhere](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#andwhere) | [orWhere](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#orwhere) | | [whereBetween](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#wherebetween) | [whereNotBetween](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#wherenotbetween) | [whereColumn](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#wherecolumn) | | [whereExists](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#whereexists) | [whereNotExists](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#wherenotexists) | [whereLike](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#wherelike) | | [whereIn](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#wherein) | [whereNotIn](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#wherenotin) | [whereRaw](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#whereraw) | | [whereNull](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#wherenull) | [whereNotNull](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#wherenotnull) | | ## Where Methods ### where | Name | Type | Required | Default | Description | | ---------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | column | string \| [Expression](/query-builder/building-queries/raw-expressions.md) \| Function | `true` | | The name of the column or [`Expression`](/query-builder/building-queries/raw-expressions.md) with which to constrain the query. A function can be passed to begin a nested where statement. | | operator | string \| [Expression](/query-builder/building-queries/raw-expressions.md) | `false` | | The operator to use for the constraint (i.e. "=", "<", ">=", etc.). A value can be passed as the `operator` and the `value` left null as a shortcut for equals (e.g. where( "column", 1 ) == where( "column", "=", 1 ) ). | | value | any | `false` | | The value with which to constrain the column. An [`Expression`](/query-builder/building-queries/raw-expressions.md) can be passed as well. If a QueryBuilder or Function is passed, it will be used as a subselect expression. | | combinator | string | `false` | `"and"` | The boolean combinator for the clause. Valid options are `"and"` or `"or"`. Avoid passing this parameter explicitly. Where possible use the [`andWhere`](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#andwhere) and [`orWhere`](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#orwhere) methods instead. | Adds a where clause to a query. {% code title="QueryBuilder" %} ```javascript query.from( "users" ) .where( "active", "=", 1 ); ``` {% endcode %} {% code title="MySQL" %} ```sql SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE `active` = ? ``` {% endcode %} {% hint style="info" %} Using the `where` method will parameterize the `value` passed. If you want to constrain a column to another column, use the [`whereColumn`](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#wherecolumn) method. {% endhint %} You can also pass an [Expression](/query-builder/building-queries/raw-expressions.md) as the value. {% code title="QueryBuilder" %} ```javascript query.from( "users" ) .where( "last_logged_in", ">", query.raw( "NOW()" ) ); ``` {% endcode %} {% code title="MySQL" %} ```sql SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE `last_logged_in` > NOW() ``` {% endcode %} Any of the following operators can be used in a where clause. | Valid Operators | | | | --------------- | -------------- | ----------- | | = | < | > | | <= | >= | <> | | != | like | like binary | | not like | between | ilike | | & | \| | ^ | | << | >> | rlike | | regexp | not regexp | \~ | | \~\* | !\~ | !\~\* | | similar to | not similar to | | When using the `"="` constraint, you can use a shortcut and define the value as the second argument. {% code title="QueryBuilder" %} ```javascript query.from( "users" ) .where( "active", 1 ); ``` {% endcode %} {% code title="MySQL" %} ```sql SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE `active` = ? ``` {% endcode %} {% hint style="info" %} You may also use [dynamic where{Column}](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#dynamic-where-methods) statements to simplify this further. {% endhint %} To group where statements together, pass a function to the where clause as the only parameter. {% code title="QueryBuilder" %} ```javascript query.from( "users" ) .where( function( q ) { q.where( "active", 1 ) .where( "last_logged_in", ">", dateAdd( "ww", -1, now() ) ) } ); ``` {% endcode %} {% code title="MySQL" %} ```sql SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE ( `active` = ? AND `last_logged_in` > ? ) ``` {% endcode %} {% hint style="info" %} This grouping can be nested as many levels as you require. {% endhint %} A Function or QueryBuilder can be used as a subselect expression when passed to `value`. {% code title="QueryBuilder" %} ```javascript query.from( "users" ) .where( "email", "foo" ) .orWhere( "id", "=", function( q ) { q.select( q.raw( "MAX(id)" ) ) .from( "users" ) .where( "email", "bar" ); } ); ``` {% endcode %} {% code title="MySQL" %} ```sql SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE `email` = ? OR `id` = ( SELECT MAX(id) FROM `users` WHERE `email` = ? ) ``` {% endcode %} ### andWhere | Name | Type | Required | Default | Description | | -------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | column | string \| [Expression](/query-builder/building-queries/raw-expressions.md) \| Function | `true` | | The name of the column or [`Expression`](/query-builder/building-queries/raw-expressions.md) with which to constrain the query. A function can be passed to begin a nested where statement. | | operator | string \| [Expression](/query-builder/building-queries/raw-expressions.md) | `false` | | The operator to use for the constraint (i.e. "=", "<", ">=", etc.). A value can be passed as the `operator` and the `value` left null as a shortcut for equals (e.g. where( "column", 1 ) == where( "column", "=", 1 ) ). | | value | any | `false` | | The value with which to constrain the column. An [`Expression`](/query-builder/building-queries/raw-expressions.md) can be passed as well. If a QueryBuilder or Function is passed, it will be used as a subselect expression. | This method is simply an alias for [`where`](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#where) with the combinator set to `"and"`. ### orWhere | Name | Type | Required | Default | Description | | -------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | column | string \| [Expression](/query-builder/building-queries/raw-expressions.md) \| Function | `true` | | The name of the column or [`Expression`](/query-builder/building-queries/raw-expressions.md) with which to constrain the query. A function can be passed to begin a nested where statement. | | operator | string \| [Expression](/query-builder/building-queries/raw-expressions.md) | `false` | | The operator to use for the constraint (i.e. "=", "<", ">=", etc.). A value can be passed as the `operator` and the `value` left null as a shortcut for equals (e.g. where( "column", 1 ) == where( "column", "=", 1 ) ). | | value | any | `false` | | The value with which to constrain the column. An [`Expression`](/query-builder/building-queries/raw-expressions.md) can be passed as well. If a QueryBuilder or Function is passed, it will be used as a subselect expression. | This method is simply an alias for [`where`](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#where) with the combinator set to `"or"`. ### whereBetween | Name | Type | Required | Default | Description | | ---------- | ------------------------------- | -------- | ------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | column | string \| Expression | `true` | | The name of the column or [`Expression`](/query-builder/building-queries/raw-expressions.md) with which to constrain the query. | | start | any \| Function \| QueryBuilder | `true` | | The beginning value of the BETWEEN statement. If a function or QueryBuilder is passed it is used as a subselect expression. | | end | any \| Function \| QueryBuilder | `true` | | The end value of the BETWEEN statement. If a function or QueryBuilder is passed it is used as a subselect expression. | | combinator | string | `false` | `"and"` | The boolean combinator for the clause. Valid options are `"and"` or `"or"`. Avoid passing this parameter explicitly. Where possible use the `andWhere` and `orWhere` [dynamic methods](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#andwhere-and-orwhere) instead. | | negate | boolean | `false` | `false` | False for BETWEEN, True for NOT BETWEEN. | Adds a where between clause to the query. {% code title="QueryBuilder" %} ```javascript query.from( "users" ) .whereBetween( "id", 1, 2 ); ``` {% endcode %} {% code title="MySQL" %} ```sql SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE `id` BETWEEN ? AND ? ``` {% endcode %} If a function or QueryBuilder is passed it is used as a subselect expression. {% code title="QueryBuilder" %} ```javascript query.from( "users" ) .whereBetween( "id", function( q ) { q.select( q.raw( "MIN(id)" ) ) .from( "users" ) .where( "email", "bar" ); }, builder.newQuery() .select( builder.raw( "MAX(id)" ) ) .from( "users" ) .where( "email", "bar" ) ); ``` {% endcode %} {% code title="MySQL" %} ```sql SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE `id` BETWEEN ( SELECT MIN(id) FROM `users` WHERE `email` = ? ) AND ( SELECT MAX(id) FROM `users` WHERE `email` = ? ) ``` {% endcode %} ### whereNotBetween | Name | Type | Required | Default | Description | | ---------- | ------------------------------- | -------- | ------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | column | string \| Expression | `true` | | The name of the column or [`Expression`](/query-builder/building-queries/raw-expressions.md) with which to constrain the query. | | start | any \| Function \| QueryBuilder | `true` | | The beginning value of the BETWEEN statement. If a function or QueryBuilder is passed it is used as a subselect expression. | | end | any \| Function \| QueryBuilder | `true` | | The end value of the BETWEEN statement. If a function or QueryBuilder is passed it is used as a subselect expression. | | combinator | string | `false` | `"and"` | The boolean combinator for the clause. Valid options are `"and"` or `"or"`. Avoid passing this parameter explicitly. Where possible use the `andWhere` and `orWhere` [dynamic methods](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#andwhere-and-orwhere) instead. | Adds a where not in clause to the query. This behaves identically to the [`whereBetween`](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#wherebetween) method with the `negate`flag set to `true`. See the documentation for [`whereBetween`](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#wherebetween) for usage and examples. ### whereColumn | Name | Type | Required | Default | Description | | ---------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | first | string \| [Expression](/query-builder/building-queries/raw-expressions.md) | `true` | | The name of the first column or [`Expression`](/query-builder/building-queries/raw-expressions.md) with which to constrain the query. | | operator | string \| [Expression](/query-builder/building-queries/raw-expressions.md) | `true` | | The operator to use for the constraint (i.e. "=", "<", ">=", etc.). A value can be passed as the `operator` and the `value` left null as a shortcut for equals (e.g. where( "column", 1 ) == where( "column", "=", 1 ) ). | | second | string \| Expression | `false` | | The name of the second column or [`Expression`](/query-builder/building-queries/raw-expressions.md) with which to constrain the query. | | combinator | string | `false` | `"and"` | The boolean combinator for the clause. Valid options are `"and"` or `"or"`. Avoid passing this parameter explicitly. Where possible use the `andWhere` and `orWhere` [dynamic methods](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#andwhere-and-orwhere) instead. | Adds a where clause to a query that compares two columns. {% code title="QueryBuilder" %} ```javascript query.from( "users" ) .whereColumn( "first_name", "=", "last_name" ); ``` {% endcode %} {% code title="MySQL" %} ```sql SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE `first_name` = `last_name` ``` {% endcode %} Just as with `where`, when using `"="` as the operator you can use a shorthand passing the second column in as the operator and leaving the second column `null`. {% code title="QueryBuilder" %} ```javascript query.from( "users" ) .whereColumn( "first_name", "last_name" ); ``` {% endcode %} {% code title="MySQL" %} ```sql SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE `first_name` = `last_name` ``` {% endcode %} `Expressions` can be passed in place of either column. {% code title="QueryBuilder" %} ```javascript query.from( "users" ) .whereColumn( "first_name", query.raw( "LOWER(first_name)" ) ); ``` {% endcode %} {% code title="MySQL" %} ```sql SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE `first_name` = LOWER(first_name) ``` {% endcode %} ### whereExists | Name | Type | Required | Default | Description | | ---------- | ------------------------ | -------- | ------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | query | Function \| QueryBuilder | `true` | | A function or QueryBuilder instance to be used as the exists subquery. | | combinator | string | `false` | `"and"` | The boolean combinator for the clause. Valid options are `"and"` or `"or"`. Avoid passing this parameter explicitly. Where possible use the `andWhere` and `orWhere` [dynamic methods ](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#andwhere-and-orwhere)instead. | | negate | boolean | `false` | `false` | False for EXISTS, True for NOT EXISTS. | Adds a where exists clause to the query. It can be configured with a function. {% code title="QueryBuilder" %} ```javascript query.from( "orders" ) .whereExists( function( q ) { q.select( q.raw( 1 ) ) .from( "products" ) .whereColumn( "products.id", "orders.id" ); } ); ``` {% endcode %} {% code title="MySQL" %} ```sql SELECT * FROM `orders` WHERE EXISTS ( SELECT 1 FROM `products` WHERE `products`.`id` = `orders`.`id` ) ``` {% endcode %} It can also be configured with a QueryBuilder instance. {% code title="QueryBuilder" %} ```javascript var existsQuery = query.newQuery() .select( q.raw( 1 ) ) .from( "products" ) .whereColumn( "products.id", "orders.id" ); query.from( "orders" ) .whereExists( existsQuery ); ``` {% endcode %} {% code title="MySQL" %} ```sql SELECT * FROM `orders` WHERE EXISTS ( SELECT 1 FROM `products` WHERE `products`.`id` = `orders`.`id` ) ``` {% endcode %} ### whereNotExists | Name | Type | Required | Default | Description | | ---------- | ------------------------ | -------- | ------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | query | Function \| QueryBuilder | `true` | | A function or QueryBuilder instance to be used as the not exists subquery. | | combinator | string | `false` | `"and"` | The boolean combinator for the clause. Valid options are `"and"` or `"or"`. Avoid passing this parameter explicitly. Where possible use the `andWhere` and `orWhere` [dynamic methods ](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#andwhere-and-orwhere)instead. | Adds a where not in clause to the query. This behaves identically to the [`whereExists`](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#whereexists) method with the `negate`flag set to `true`. See the documentation for [`whereExists`](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#whereexists) for usage and examples. ### whereLike | Name | Type | Required | Default | Description | | ---------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | column | string \| [Expression](/query-builder/building-queries/raw-expressions.md) | `true` | | The name of the column or [`Expression`](/query-builder/building-queries/raw-expressions.md) with which to constrain the query. | | value | any | `false` | | The value with which to constrain the column. An [`Expression`](/query-builder/building-queries/raw-expressions.md) can be passed as well. If a QueryBuilder or Function is passed, it will be used as a subselect expression. | | combinator | string | `false` | `"and"` | The boolean combinator for the clause. Valid options are `"and"` or `"or"`. Avoid passing this parameter explicitly. Where possible use the `andWhere` and `orWhere` [dynamic methods ](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#andwhere-and-orwhere)instead. | A shortcut for calling [`where`](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#where) with `"like"` set as the operator. {% code title="QueryBuilder" %} ```javascript query.from( "users" ) .whereLike( "username", "J%" ); ``` {% endcode %} {% code title="MySQL" %} ```sql SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE `username` LIKE ? ``` {% endcode %} ### whereNotLike | Name | Type | Required | Default | Description | | ---------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | column | string \| [Expression](/query-builder/building-queries/raw-expressions.md) | `true` | | The name of the column or [`Expression`](/query-builder/building-queries/raw-expressions.md) with which to constrain the query. | | value | any | `false` | | The value with which to constrain the column. An [`Expression`](/query-builder/building-queries/raw-expressions.md) can be passed as well. If a QueryBuilder or Function is passed, it will be used as a subselect expression. | | combinator | string | `false` | `"and"` | The boolean combinator for the clause. Valid options are `"and"` or `"or"`. Avoid passing this parameter explicitly. Where possible use the `andWhere` and `orWhere` [dynamic methods ](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#andwhere-and-orwhere)instead. | A shortcut for calling [`where`](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#where) with `"not like"` set as the operator. {% code title="QueryBuilder" %} ```javascript query.from( "users" ) .whereNotLike( "username", "J%" ); ``` {% endcode %} {% code title="MySQL" %} ```sql SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE `username` NOT LIKE ? ``` {% endcode %} ### whereIn | Name | Type | Required | Default | Description | | ---------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | column | string \| Expression | `true` | | The name of the column or [`Expression`](/query-builder/building-queries/raw-expressions.md) with which to constrain the query. | | values | string \| array \| [Expression](/query-builder/building-queries/raw-expressions.md) \| Function \| QueryBuilder | `true` | | A single value, list of values, or array of values to constrain a column with. [`Expressions`](/query-builder/building-queries/raw-expressions.md) may be used in any place a value is used. Alternatively, a function or QueryBuilder instance can be passed in to be used as a subquery expression. | | combinator | string | `false` | `"and"` | The boolean combinator for the clause. Valid options are `"and"` or `"or"`. Avoid passing this parameter explicitly. Where possible use the `andWhere` and `orWhere` [dynamic methods ](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#andwhere-and-orwhere)instead. | | negate | boolean | `false` | `false` | False for IN, True for NOT IN. | Adds a where in clause to the query. The values passed to `whereIn` can be a single value, a list of values, or an array of values. {% code title="QueryBuilder" %} ```javascript query.from( "orders" ) .whereIn( "id", [ 1, 4, 66 ] ); ``` {% endcode %} {% code title="MySQL" %} ```sql SELECT * FROM `orders` WHERE `id` IN (?, ?, ?) ``` {% endcode %} {% hint style="warning" %} Some database grammars have a hard limit on the number of parameters passed to a SQL statement. Keep this in mind while writing your queries. {% endhint %} If a list of values is passed in, it is converted to an array of values using a single comma (`","`) delimiter. {% code title="QueryBuilder" %} ```javascript query.from( "orders" ) .whereIn( "id", "1,4,66" ); ``` {% endcode %} {% code title="MySQL" %} ```sql SELECT * FROM `orders` WHERE `id` IN (?, ?, ?) ``` {% endcode %} Any value in the list or array can also be passed using a [custom parameter type](/query-builder/building-queries/parameters-and-bindings.md#custom-parameter-types) to have more control over the parameter settings. {% code title="QueryBuilder" %} ```javascript query.from( "orders" ) .whereIn( "id", [ 1, 4, { value = "66", cfsqltype = "CF_SQL_VARCHAR" } ] ); ``` {% endcode %} {% code title="MySQL" %} ```sql SELECT * FROM `orders` WHERE `id` IN (?, ?, ?) ``` {% endcode %} `Expressions` can be freely mixed in with other values. {% code title="QueryBuilder" %} ```javascript query.from( "orders" ) .whereIn( "id", [ query.raw( "MAX(id)" ), 4, 66 ] ); ``` {% endcode %} {% code title="MySQL" %} ```sql SELECT * FROM `orders` WHERE `id` IN (MAX(id), ?, ?) ``` {% endcode %} A function or QueryBuilder instance can be passed to be used as a subquery expression instead of a list of values. {% code title="QueryBuilder" %} ```javascript query.from( "users" ) .whereIn( "id", function( q ) { q.select( "id" ) .from( "users" ) .where( "age", ">", 25 ); } ); ``` {% endcode %} {% code title="MySQL" %} ```sql SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE IN ( SELECT `id` FROM `users` WHERE `age` > ? ) ``` {% endcode %} {% hint style="warning" %} You may find a `whereExists` method performs better for you than a `whereIn` with a subquery. {% endhint %} ### whereNotIn | Name | Type | Required | Default | Description | | ---------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | column | string \| Expression | `true` | | The name of the column or [`Expression`](/query-builder/building-queries/raw-expressions.md) with which to constrain the query. | | values | string \| array \| [Expression](/query-builder/building-queries/raw-expressions.md) \| Function \| QueryBuilder | `true` | | A single value, list of values, or array of values to constrain a column with. [`Expressions`](/query-builder/building-queries/raw-expressions.md) may be used in any place a value is used. Alternatively, a function or QueryBuilder instance can be passed in to be used as a subquery expression. | | combinator | string | `false` | `"and"` | The boolean combinator for the clause. Valid options are `"and"` or `"or"`. Avoid passing this parameter explicitly. Where possible use the `andWhere` and `orWhere` [dynamic methods ](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#andwhere-and-orwhere)instead. | Adds a where not in clause to the query. This behaves identically to the `whereIn` method with the `negate`flag set to `true`. See the documentation for [`whereIn`](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#wherein) for usage and examples. ### whereRaw | Name | Type | Required | Default | Description | | ------------- | ------ | -------- | ------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | sql | string | `true` | | The raw SQL to add to the query. | | whereBindings | array | `false` | `[]` | Any bindings needed for the raw SQL. Bindings can be simple values or [custom parameters](/query-builder/building-queries/parameters-and-bindings.md#custom-parameter-types). | | combinator | string | `false` | `"and"` | The boolean combinator for the clause. Valid options are `"and"` or `"or"`. Avoid passing this parameter explicitly. Where possible use the `andWhere` and `orWhere` [dynamic methods ](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#andwhere-and-orwhere)instead. | Shorthand to add a raw SQL statement to the where clauses. {% code title="QueryBuilder" %} ```javascript query.from( "users" ) .whereRaw( "id = ? OR email = ? OR is_admin = 1", [ 1, "foo" ] ); ``` {% endcode %} {% code title="MySQL" %} ```sql SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE id = ? OR email = ? OR is_admin = 1 ``` {% endcode %} ### whereNull | Name | Type | Required | Default | Description | | ---------- | -------------------- | -------- | ------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | column | string \| Expression | `true` | | The name of the column to check if it is NULL. Can also pass an [`Expression`](/query-builder/building-queries/raw-expressions.md). | | combinator | string | `false` | `"and"` | The boolean combinator for the clause. Valid options are `"and"` or `"or"`. Avoid passing this parameter explicitly. Where possible use the `andWhere` and `orWhere` [dynamic methods ](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#andwhere-and-orwhere)instead. | | negate | boolean | `false` | `false` | False for NULL, True for NOT NULL. | Adds a where null clause to the query. {% code title="QueryBuilder" %} ```javascript query.from( "users" ) .whereNull( "id" ); ``` {% endcode %} {% code title="MySQL" %} ```sql SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE `id` IS NULL ``` {% endcode %} ### whereNotNull | Name | Type | Required | Default | Description | | ---------- | -------------------- | -------- | ------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | column | string \| Expression | `true` | | The name of the column to check if it is NULL. Can also pass an [`Expression`](/query-builder/building-queries/raw-expressions.md). | | combinator | string | `false` | `"and"` | The boolean combinator for the clause. Valid options are `"and"` or `"or"`. Avoid passing this parameter explicitly. Where possible use the `andWhere` and `orWhere` [dynamic methods ](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#andwhere-and-orwhere)instead. | | negate | boolean | `false` | `false` | False for NULL, True for NOT NULL. | Adds a where not in clause to the query. This behaves identically to the [`whereNull`](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#wherenull) method with the `negate`flag set to `true`. See the documentation for [`whereNull`](/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md#wherenull) for usage and examples. ## Dynamic Where Methods qb uses `onMissingMethod` to provide a few different helpers when working with `where...` methods. ### andWhere... and orWhere... Every `where...` method in qb can be called prefixed with either `and` or `or`. Doing so will call the original method using the corresponding combinator. {% code title="QueryBuilder" %} ```javascript query.from( "users" ) .where( "username", "like", "j%" ) .andWhere( function( q ) { q.where( "isSubscribed", 1 ) .orWhere( "isOnFreeTrial", 1 ); } ); ``` {% endcode %} {% code title="MySQL" %} ```sql SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE `username` LIKE ? AND ( `isSubscribed` = ? OR `isOnFreeTrial` = ? ) ``` {% endcode %} ### where{Column} If you call a method starting with `where` that does not match an existing qb method, qb will instead call the `where` method using the rest of the method name as the first column name. (The rest of the arguments will be shifted to account for this.) This also applies to `andWhere{Column}` and `orWhere{Column}` method signatures. {% code title="QueryBuilder" %} ```javascript query.from( "users" ) .whereUsername( "like", "j%" ) .whereActive( 1 ); ``` {% endcode %} {% code title="MySQL" %} ```sql SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE `username` LIKE ? AND `active` = ? ``` {% endcode %} --- # Agent Instructions: Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question. Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter: ``` GET https://qb.ortusbooks.com/query-builder/building-queries/wheres.md?ask= ``` The question should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language. The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation. Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.