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9.8.0
9.8.0
  • Introduction
  • What's New?
  • Installation & Usage
  • Migration Guide
  • Contributing & Filing Issues
  • Query Builder
    • Getting a New Query
    • Building Queries
      • Selects
      • From
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      • Wheres
      • Order By
      • Group By and Having
      • Limit, Offset, and Pagination
      • Locks
      • Unions
      • Common Table Expressions (i.e. CTEs)
      • Raw Expressions
      • When / Conditionals
      • Query Parameters and Bindings
    • Executing Queries
      • Retrieving Results
      • Aggregates
      • Inserts, Updates, and Deletes
    • Options and Utilities
      • Query Options and Utilities
      • Clone and Reset
      • Return Format
      • Column Formatter
      • Interception Points
    • Debugging
      • sqlCommenter
  • Schema Builder
    • Overview
    • Create
    • Columns
    • Column Modifiers
    • Column Constraints
    • Creating Table Constraints
    • Alter
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    • Debugging
  • External Links
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  • references
  • onTable
  • onUpdate
  • onDelete

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  1. Schema Builder

Column Constraints

PreviousColumn ModifiersNextCreating Table Constraints

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A TableIndex can be created directly from a or from a existing . The TableIndex includes methods for further configuring the index which is required when defining foreign keys.

references

Set the referencing column for a foreign key relationship. For example, id for a country_id column.

Argument

Type

Required

Default

Description

columns

any

true

A column or array of columns that represents the foreign key reference.

Example:

SchemaBuilder

schema.create( "users", function( table ) {
    table.unsignedInteger( "country_id" ).references( "id" ).onTable( "countries" );
} );

SQL (MySQL)

CREATE TABLE `users` (
    `country_id` INTEGER UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
    CONSTRAINT `fk_users_country_id` FOREIGN KEY (`country_id`) REFERENCES `countries` (`id`) ON UPDATE NO ACTION ON DELETE NO ACTION
)

onTable

Sets the referencing table for a foreign key relationship. For example, countries for a country_id column.

Argument

Type

Required

Default

Description

table

string

true

The referencing table name.

Example:

SchemaBuilder

schema.create( "users", function( table ) {
    table.unsignedInteger( "country_id" ).references( "id" ).onTable( "countries" );
} );

SQL (MySQL)

CREATE TABLE `users` (
    `country_id` INTEGER UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
    CONSTRAINT `fk_users_country_id` FOREIGN KEY (`country_id`) REFERENCES `countries` (`id`) ON UPDATE NO ACTION ON DELETE NO ACTION
)

onUpdate

Set the strategy for updating foreign keys when the parent key is updated.

Argument

Type

Required

Default

Description

option

string

true

The strategy to use. Available values are: RESTRICT, CASCADE, SET NULL, NO ACTION, SET DEFAULT

Example:

SchemaBuilder

schema.create( "users", function( table ) {
    table.unsignedInteger( "country_id" )
        .references( "id" )
        .onTable( "countries" )
        .onUpdate( "CASCADE" );
} );

SQL (MySQL)

CREATE TABLE `users` (
    `country_id` INTEGER UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
    CONSTRAINT `fk_users_country_id` FOREIGN KEY (`country_id`) REFERENCES `countries` (`id`) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE NO ACTION
)

onDelete

Set the strategy for updating foreign keys when the parent key is deleted.

Argument

Type

Required

Default

Description

option

string

true

The strategy to use. Available values are: RESTRICT, CASCADE, SET NULL, NO ACTION, SET DEFAULT

Example:

SchemaBuilder

schema.create( "users", function( table ) {
    table.unsignedInteger( "country_id" )
        .references( "id" )
        .onTable( "countries" )
        .onDelete( "SET NULL" );
} );

SQL (MySQL)

CREATE TABLE `users` (
    `country_id` INTEGER UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
    CONSTRAINT `fk_users_country_id` FOREIGN KEY (`country_id`) REFERENCES `countries` (`id`) ON UPDATE NO ACTION ON DELETE SET NULL
)
Blueprint
Column